As people pay more and more attention to the maintenance of stone, people gradually understand that in order to better protect the stone, it must be maintained from various ways of contacting the stone. Stone mining technology and equipment and stone processing machinery and equipment will also have a serious impact on stone.
Stone Mining Technology and Equipment
At present, there are still many stone mines in China that use the backward method of drilling holes and firing guns to produce stone blocks, which not only has low production efficiency and is not safe, especially due to the rupture of the rock mass caused by the explosion, which seriously damages the stone resources, and the size of the blocks produced is irregular, and even scrapped due to cracks, and the yield is very low. It is estimated that only 5 to 8 per cent of the amount of block mined by drilling and firing can be processed into lumber.
In the early 80s of the last century, some developed countries in the stone industry have explicitly banned the use of explosives blasting method to mine stone, and replaced it with advanced technologies such as diamond beaded wire saws. It can be said that this is a sign of the modernization of stone mining technology.
An important indicator to measure the degree of modernization of stone mining technology is: the number of cubic meters of blocks mined per capita per day. Industry insiders in the International Department believe that China's stone mines are not productive. The reasons are the lack of mechanized equipment, backward mining technology, and poor production management. The average annual mining capacity of some stone mines is only a few hundred to several thousand cubic meters, and the annual mining capacity of a few stone mines is more than 10,000 cubic meters, and the annual per capita output is 6 m3. The equivalent monthly per capita output is only 0.5 m3, which is lower than that of India.
As we all know, India is also a big producer of stone. However, its granite mines are small in scale and do not have modern equipment, so the productivity of stone blocks is very low. The average person per day is only 1 m3. Finland is the largest exporter of stone among the Scandinavian countries. Its granite mine production system is world-class, exporting at least more than 250,000 tons of granite per year, and the mine production efficiency is up to 40 m3 per capita per day. The productivity of stone mines in South Africa is medium, with an average of 8-10 m3 per day.
Stone Processing Machinery and Equipment
In the past ten years, the research and development of China's stone machinery and equipment has made great progress, and the degree of automation of some stand-alone machines has reached the international advanced level. However, in terms of high-end technical equipment, there is currently no production in China.
From the degree of automation of the overall production line of stone enterprises, there is still a gap compared with foreign countries, and some production links still rely on manual operation, which not only affects the production efficiency, but also causes unstable factors in the quality of finished products due to the low quality of employees.
Even though most of the stone enterprises in Italy, the world's stone power, use highly automated production lines, they still need to have certain stone knowledge and experienced personnel to master the process parameters of the processing process in order to produce top-level stone products.
At present, many foreign stone mines, especially granite mines, have fully adopted diamond beaded wire saws to mine blocks, and in the sawing processing of granite blocks, multi-line diamond beaded wire saws have also been promoted.
However, many stone companies in China still use old-fashioned frame saws. One of its significant advantages is that it is less expensive to saw, but it has a number of disadvantages:
(1) The assembly cost is high, about four times that of diamond beaded wire saw;
(2) There are many operators, and at least two people are needed to operate. When replacing the saw blade, more people need to work together;
(3) The sawing speed is slow, and the sawing speed of the old-fashioned frame saw is only 2cm/h. The sawing speed of the new frame is only 3.5-3.8 cm/h, while the cutting speed of the diamond beaded wire saw is as high as 20 cm/h, which may be increased to 30 cm/h;
(4) The surface of the plate sawed by the frame saw is rougher and the flatness is also poor, so the polishing speed is low, which is 100cm/min, while the surface of the plate sawed by the diamond beaded wire saw is smoother, and the grinding speed can be as high as 160 cm/min, thus reducing the grinding and polishing processing time;
(5) Energy consumption and material consumption are relatively high;
(6) The disposal of scrap steel mortar and the dust of the work site cause serious environmental pollution.
The Quality of The Finished Stone
The international stone industry believes that the quality of China's stone products is not high, because the stone processing equipment and technology methods used are backward than other countries.
Take, for example, the production of granite facing bricks. Most of the granite blocks mined from the mine are irregular in shape and vary in size; The diamond circular saw blade with a diameter of 1m and 1.6m is generally used to sawn into granite plates, the quality of the saw blade is not high, and the sawed plate is usually polished and polished with a rocker arm, and the processing is mostly manual operation, that is, the grinding and polishing machine with a high degree of automation is used, and the quality of the abrasive used in the supporting grinding head is poor; The polished plate is sawed into a certain size with an ordinary cross-cutting machine, and the production process has a low degree of automation. In the 90s of the last century, many countries in Europe have adopted advanced sawing machines and high-quality saw blades. The production of granite facing bricks is almost fully automated.
The latest generation of sawing machine is equipped with up to 80 diamond circular saw blades with a diameter of 1m, due to the use of high-quality diamond, the linear speed of the saw blade can be as high as 35m/s, the feed speed is 17 m/min, and the sawing rate of each saw blade is 1m2/h. s, the feed speed is slow, 5m/min, and the sawing rate of each saw blade is about /0.3 m2/h.
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